collections

Definition

Contains collections definitions.

Modules
	generic
	Contains generic collections definitions.
	object model
	Contains object model collections definitions.
	specialized
	Contains specialized collections definitions.

Classes
class	xtd::collections::bit_array
	Manages a compact array of bit values, which are represented as booleans, where true indicates that the bit is on (1) and false indicates the bit is off (0). More...
class	xtd::forms::layout::arranged_element_collection< type_t, sorter_t >
	Represents a collection of objects. More...

Typedefs
using	xtd::collections::any_pair = xtd::collections::dictionary_entry
	Implements a xtd::collections::generic::key_value_pair with the key and the value strongly typed to be xtd::any_object.
using	xtd::collections::array_list = generic::list< xtd::any_object >
	Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.
using	xtd::collections::comparer = xtd::collections::generic::comparer< xtd::any_object >
	Exposes a method that compares two objects.
using	xtd::collections::dictionary_entry = xtd::collections::generic::key_value_pair< xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object >
	Defines a dictionary key/value pair that can be set or retrieved.
using	xtd::collections::enumerator = generic::enumerator< xtd::any_object >
	Supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection.
using	xtd::collections::hashtable = xtd::collections::generic::dictionary< xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object >
	Represents a collection of key/value pairs that are organized based on the hash code of the key.
using	xtd::collections::icollection = generic::icollection< xtd::any_object >
	Defines size, enumerators, and synchronization methods for all nongeneric collections.
using	xtd::collections::icomparer = generic::icomparer< xtd::any_object >
	interface IComparer exposes a method that compares two objects.
using	xtd::collections::idictionary = generic::idictionary< xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object >
	interface IComparer exposes a method that compares two objects.
using	xtd::collections::ienumerable = generic::ienumerable< xtd::any_object >
	Exposes an enumerator, which supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection.
using	xtd::collections::ienumerator = generic::ienumerator< xtd::any_object >
	Supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection.
using	xtd::collections::iequality_comparer = generic::iequality_comparer< xtd::any_object >
	Defines methods to support the comparison of objects for equality.
using	xtd::collections::ilist = generic::ilist< xtd::any_object >
	Represents a non-generic collection of objects that can be individually accessed by index.
using	xtd::collections::queue = generic::queue< xtd::any_object >
	Represents a first-in, first-out collection of objects.
using	xtd::collections::sorted_list = generic::list< xtd::any_object >
	Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.
using	xtd::collections::stack = generic::stack< xtd::any_object >
	Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.
using	xtd::collections::vector_list = array_list
	Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.

Typedef Documentation

any_pair

using xtd::collections::any_pair = typedef xtd::collections::dictionary_entry

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/any_pair.hpp>

Implements a xtd::collections::generic::key_value_pair with the key and the value strongly typed to be xtd::any_object.

using any_pair = xtd::collections::dictionary_entry;

Header

#include <xtd/collections/any_pair>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Deprecated:

Replaced by xtd::collections::dictionary_entry - Will be removed in version 0.4.0.

array_list

using xtd::collections::array_list = typedef generic::list<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/array_list.hpp>

Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.

using array_list = xtd::collections::generic::list<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/array_list>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Examples

The following example shows hows to use xtd::collections::array_list.

#include <xtd/collections/array_list>
#include <xtd/console>
 
using namespace xtd;
using namespace xtd::collections;
 
template<typename collection_t>
void print_values(const collection_t& my_list) {
  for (auto obj : my_list)
    console::write("   {0}", obj);
  console::write_line();
}
 
auto main() -> int {
  // Creates and initializes a new vector_list.
  auto my_vl = array_list {};
  my_vl.emplace_back("Hello");
  my_vl.emplace_back("World");
  my_vl.emplace_back("!");
  
  // Displays the properties and values of the vector_list.
  console::write_line("my_vl");
  console::write_line("    size:    {0}", my_vl.size());
  console::write_line("    Capacity: {0}", my_vl.capacity());
  console::write("    Values:");
  print_values(my_vl);
}
 
// This code produces the following output :
//
// my_vl
//     size:    3
//     Capacity: 4
//     Values:   Hello   World   !

Remarks

TTo add a class, structure or any other type unknown to xtd, you need to implement the xtd::iequatable and xtd::icompoabale interfaces or overrride the == and < operetors.

comparer

using xtd::collections::comparer = typedef xtd::collections::generic::comparer<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/comparer.hpp>

Exposes a method that compares two objects.

using comparer = xtd::collections::generic::comparer<xtd::any_object>;

Header

#include <xtd/collections/comparer>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

dictionary_entry

using xtd::collections::dictionary_entry = typedef xtd::collections::generic::key_value_pair<xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/dictionary_entry.hpp>

Defines a dictionary key/value pair that can be set or retrieved.

using dictionary_entry = xtd::collections::generic::key_value_pair<xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object>;

Header

#include <xtd/collections/dictionary_entry>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

enumerator

using xtd::collections::enumerator = typedef generic::enumerator<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/enumerator.hpp>

Supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection.

using enumerator = xtd::collections::generic::enumerator<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/enumerator>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Remarks

The xtd::collections::enumerator class is used to encapsulate an xtd::collections::ienumerator.

hashtable

using xtd::collections::hashtable = typedef xtd::collections::generic::dictionary<xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/hashtable.hpp>

Represents a collection of key/value pairs that are organized based on the hash code of the key.

using hashtable = xtd::collections::generic::dictionary<xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/hashtable>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Remarks

Each element is a key/value pair stored in a xtd::collections::dictionary_entry object. A key cannot be null, but a value can be.

The objects used as keys by a xtd::collections::hashtable are required to override the xtd::object::get_hash_code method (or the xtd::ihash_code_provider interface) and the xtd::object::equals method (or the xtd::icomparer interface). The implementation of both methods and interfaces must handle case sensitivity the same way; otherwise, the xtd::collections::hashtable might behave incorrectly. For example, when creating a xtd::collections::hashtable, you must use the xtd::case_insensitive_hash_code_provider class (or any case-insensitive xtd::ihash_code_provider implementation) with the xtd::case_insensitive_comparer class (or any case-insensitive xtd::icComparer implementation).

Furthermore, these methods must produce the same results when called with the same parameters while the key exists in the xtd::collections::hashtable. An alternative is to use a xtd::collections::hashtable constructor with an xtd::iequality_comparer parameter. If key equality were simply reference equality, the inherited implementation of xtd::object::get_hash_code and xtd::object::equals would suffice.

Key objects must be immutable as long as they are used as keys in the xtd::collections::hashtable.

When an element is added to the xtd::collections::hashtable, the element is placed into a bucket based on the hash code of the key. Subsequent lookups of the key use the hash code of the key to search in only one particular bucket, thus substantially reducing the number of key comparisons required to find an element.

The load factor of a xtd::collections::hashtable determines the maximum ratio of elements to buckets. Smaller load factors cause faster average lookup times at the cost of increased memory consumption. The default load factor of 1.0 generally provides the best balance between speed and size. A different load factor can also be specified when the xtd::collections::hashtable is created.

As elements are added to a xtd::collections::hashtable, the actual load factor of the xtd::collections::hashtable increases. When the actual load factor reaches the specified load factor, the number of buckets in the xtd::collections::hashtable is automatically increased to the smallest prime number that is larger than twice the current number of xtd::collections::hashtable buckets.

Each key object in the xtd::collections::hashtable must provide its own hash function, which can be accessed by calling GetHash. However, any object implementing IHashCodeProvider can be passed to a xtd::collections::hashtable constructor, and that hash function is used for all objects in the table

The capacity of a xtd::collections::hashtable is the number of elements the xtd::collections::hashtable can hold. As elements are added to a xtd::collections::hashtable, the capacity is automatically increased as required through reallocation.

The foreach statement returns an object of the type of the elements in the collection. Since each element of the xtd::collections::hashtable is a key/value pair, the element type is not the type of the key or the type of the value. Instead, the element type is xtd::collections::dictionary_entry. For example:

for (xtd::collections::dictionary_entry de : my_hashtable) {
  // ...
}

The foreach statement is a wrapper around the enumerator, which only allows reading from, not writing to, the collection.

Because serializing and deserializing an enumerator for a xtd::collections::hashtable can cause the elements to become reordered, it is not possible to continue enumeration without calling the Reset method.

Note

Because keys can be inherited and their behavior changed, their absolute uniqueness cannot be guaranteed by comparisons using the Equals method.

Examples

The following example shows how to create, initialize and perform various functions to a xtd::collections::hashtable and how to print out its keys and values.

#include <xtd/collections/hashtable>
#include <xtd/console>
 
using namespace xtd;
using namespace xtd::collections;
 
auto main() -> int {
  // Create a new hash table.
  //
  hashtable open_with;
  
  // Add some elements to the hash table. There are no
  // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
  open_with["txt"] = "notepad.exe";
  open_with["bmp"] = "paint.exe";
  open_with["dib"] = "paint.exe";
  open_with["rtf"] = "wordpad.exe";
  
  // The Item property is the default property, so you
  // can omit its name when accessing elements.
  console::write_line("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", open_with["rtf"]);
  
  // The default Item property can be used to change the value
  // associated with a key.
  open_with["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
  console::write_line("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", open_with["rtf"]);
  
  // If a key does not exist, setting the default Item property
  // for that key adds a new key/value pair.
  open_with["doc"] = "winword.exe";
  
  // contains can be used to test keys before inserting
  // them.
  if (!open_with.contains("ht")) {
    open_with["ht"] = "hypertrm.exe";
    console::write_line("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}", open_with["ht"]);
  }
  
  // When you use foreach to enumerate hash table elements,
  // the elements are retrieved as xtd::collections::generic::key_value_pair objects.
  console::write_line();
  for (auto de : open_with)
    console::write_line("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", de.first, de.second);
    
  // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair.
  console::write_line("\nerase(\"doc\")");
  open_with.erase("doc");
  
  if (!open_with.contains("doc"))
    console::write_line("Key \"doc\" is not found.");
}
 
// This code produces the following output :
//
// For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
// For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
// Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
//
// Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
// Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
// Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
// Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
// Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
// Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
//
// erase("doc")
// Key "doc" is not found.

icollection

using xtd::collections::icollection = typedef generic::icollection<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/icollection.hpp>

Defines size, enumerators, and synchronization methods for all nongeneric collections.

using icollection = xtd::collections::generic::icollection<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/icollection>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Remarks

The xtd::collections::icollection interface is the base interface for classes in the xtd::collections namespace. Its generic equivalent is the xtd::collections::genric::icollection <type_t> interface.

The xtd::collections::icollection interface extends xtd::collections::ienumerable; xtd::collections::idictionary and xtd::collections::ilist are more specialized interfaces that extend xtd::collections::icollection. An xtd::collections::idictionary implementation is a collection of key/value pairs, like the xtd::collections::hashtable class. An xtd::collections::ilist implementation is a collection of values and its members can be accessed by index, like the xtd::collections::array_list class.

Some collections that limit access to their elements, such as the xtd::collections::queue class and the xtd::collections::stack class, directly implement the xtd::collections::icollection interface.

If neither the xtd::collections::idictionary interface nor the xtd::collections::ilist interface meet the requirements of the required collection, derive the new collection class from the xtd::collections::icollection interface instead for more flexibility.

For the generic version of this interface, see xtd::collections::generic::icollection <type_t>.

icomparer

using xtd::collections::icomparer = typedef generic::icomparer<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/icomparer.hpp>

interface IComparer exposes a method that compares two objects.

using icomparer = xtd::collections::generic::icomparer<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/icomparer>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

idictionary

using xtd::collections::idictionary = typedef generic::idictionary<xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/idictionary.hpp>

interface IComparer exposes a method that compares two objects.

using idictionary = xtd::collections::generic::idictionary<xtd::any_object, xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/idictionary>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

ienumerable

using xtd::collections::ienumerable = typedef generic::ienumerable<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/ienumerable.hpp>

Exposes an enumerator, which supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection.

using ienumerable = xtd::collections::generic::ienumerable<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/ienumerable>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Examples

The following code example demonstrates the best practice for iterating a custom collection by implementing the xtd::collections::ienumerable and xtd::collections::ienumerator interfaces. In this example, members of these interfaces are not explicitly called, but they are implemented to support the use of for each to iterate through the collection. This example is a complete Console app.

#include <xtd/collections/array_list>
#include <xtd/console>
#include <xtd/startup>
 
using namespace xtd;
 
class program {
public:
  // Simple business object.
  struct person : public object, public iequatable<person>, public icomparable<person> {
  public:
    person() = default;
    person(const string& first_name, const string last_name) : first_name {first_name}, last_name {last_name} {}
    
    string first_name;
    string last_name;
 
    int32 compare_to(const person& o) const noexcept override {
      if (first_name == o.first_name && last_name == o.last_name) return 0;
      if (first_name > o.first_name || (first_name == o.first_name && last_name > o.last_name)) return 1;
      return -1;
    }
    bool equals(const object& o) const noexcept override {return is<person>(o) && equals(as<person>(o));}
    bool equals(const person& o) const noexcept override {return compare_to(o) == 0;}
    string to_string() const noexcept override {return string::format("{} {}", first_name, last_name);}
  };
  
  // Collection of person objects. This class implements xtd::collections::ienumerable so that it can be used with for each syntax.
  class people : public collections::ienumerable {
  private:
    collections::array_list people_;
    
  public:
    people(const array<person>& p_array) {
      people_ = collections::array_list(p_array.size());
      
      for (auto i = 0_z; i < p_array.size(); ++i)
        people_[i] = p_array[i];
    }
    
    // Implementation for the xtd::collections::ienumerable::get_enumerator method.
    collections::enumerator get_enumerator() const override {
      return collections::enumerator {new_ptr<people_enumerator>(people_)};
    }
  };
  
  // When you implement xtd::collections::ienumerable, you must also implement xtd::collections::ienumerator.
  class people_enumerator : public collections::ienumerator {
  private:
    const collections::array_list& people_;
 
    // Enumerators are positioned before the first element until the first xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next() call.
    size position = collections::array_list::npos;
    
  public:
    people_enumerator(const collections::array_list& list) : people_(list) {}
    
    bool move_next() override {return ++position < people_.count();}
    
    void reset() override {position = collections::array_list::npos;}
    
    const any_object& current() const override {
      if (position >= people_.size()) throw invalid_operation_exception {};
      return people_[position];
    }
  };
 
  static auto main() -> void {
    auto people_array = xtd::array<person> {
      person {"John", "Smith"},
      person {"Jim", "Johnson"},
      person {"Sue", "Rabon"},
    };
    
    auto people_list = people {people_array};
    for (auto person : people_list)
      console::write_line(person);
  }
};
 
startup_(program::main);
 
 
// This code produces the following output :
//
// John Smith
// Jim Johnson
// Sue Rabon

Remarks

xtd::collections::ienumerable is the base interface for all non-generic collections that can be enumerated. For the generic version of this interface see xtd::collections::generic::ieumerable <type_t>. xtd::collections::ienumerable contains a single method, xtd::collections::ienumerable::get_enumerator, which returns an xtd::collections::ienumerator. xtd::collections::ienumerator provides the ability to iterate through the collection by exposing a xtd::collections::ienumerator::current property and xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next and xtd::collections::ienumeraror::reset methods.

It is a best practice to implement xtd::collections::ienumerable and xtd::collections::ienumerator on your collection classes to enable the for each syntax, however implementing xtd::collections::ienumerable is not required. If your collection does not implement xtd::collections::ienumerable, you must still follow the iterator pattern to support this syntax by providing a xtd::collections::ienumerable::get_enumerator method that returns an interface, class or struct. You must provide a class that contains a xtd::collections::ienumerator::current property, and xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next and Reset methods as described by xtd::collections::ienumerator, but the class does not have to implement xtd::collections::ienumerator.

ienumerator

using xtd::collections::ienumerator = typedef generic::ienumerator<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/ienumerator.hpp>

Supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection.

using ienumerator = xtd::collections::generic::ienumerator<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/ienumerator>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

The following code example demonstrates the best practice for iterating a custom collection by implementing the xtd::collections::ienumerable and xtd::collections::ienumerator interfaces. In this example, members of these interfaces are not explicitly called, but they are implemented to support the use of for each to iterate through the collection. This example is a complete Console app.

#include <xtd/collections/array_list>
#include <xtd/console>
#include <xtd/startup>
 
using namespace xtd;
 
class program {
public:
  // Simple business object.
  struct person : public object, public iequatable<person>, public icomparable<person> {
  public:
    person() = default;
    person(const string& first_name, const string last_name) : first_name {first_name}, last_name {last_name} {}
    
    string first_name;
    string last_name;
 
    int32 compare_to(const person& o) const noexcept override {
      if (first_name == o.first_name && last_name == o.last_name) return 0;
      if (first_name > o.first_name || (first_name == o.first_name && last_name > o.last_name)) return 1;
      return -1;
    }
    bool equals(const object& o) const noexcept override {return is<person>(o) && equals(as<person>(o));}
    bool equals(const person& o) const noexcept override {return compare_to(o) == 0;}
    string to_string() const noexcept override {return string::format("{} {}", first_name, last_name);}
  };
  
  // Collection of person objects. This class implements xtd::collections::ienumerable so that it can be used with for each syntax.
  class people : public collections::ienumerable {
  private:
    collections::array_list people_;
    
  public:
    people(const array<person>& p_array) {
      people_ = collections::array_list(p_array.size());
      
      for (auto i = 0_z; i < p_array.size(); ++i)
        people_[i] = p_array[i];
    }
    
    // Implementation for the xtd::collections::ienumerable::get_enumerator method.
    collections::enumerator get_enumerator() const override {
      return collections::enumerator {new_ptr<people_enumerator>(people_)};
    }
  };
  
  // When you implement xtd::collections::ienumerable, you must also implement xtd::collections::ienumerator.
  class people_enumerator : public collections::ienumerator {
  private:
    const collections::array_list& people_;
 
    // Enumerators are positioned before the first element until the first xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next() call.
    size position = collections::array_list::npos;
    
  public:
    people_enumerator(const collections::array_list& list) : people_(list) {}
    
    bool move_next() override {return ++position < people_.count();}
    
    void reset() override {position = collections::array_list::npos;}
    
    const any_object& current() const override {
      if (position >= people_.size()) throw invalid_operation_exception {};
      return people_[position];
    }
  };
 
  static auto main() -> void {
    auto people_array = xtd::array<person> {
      person {"John", "Smith"},
      person {"Jim", "Johnson"},
      person {"Sue", "Rabon"},
    };
    
    auto people_list = people {people_array};
    for (auto person : people_list)
      console::write_line(person);
  }
};
 
startup_(program::main);
 
 
// This code produces the following output :
//
// John Smith
// Jim Johnson
// Sue Rabon

Remarks

xtd::collections::ienumerator is the base interface for all non-generic enumerators. Its generic equivalent is the xtd::collections::generic::iznumerator <type_t> interface.

The for each statement of the C++ language hides the complexity of the enumerators. Therefore, using for each is recommended instead of directly manipulating the enumerator.

Enumerators can be used to read the data in the collection, but they cannot be used to modify the underlying collection.

The xtd::collections::ienumerator::reset method is provided for COM interoperability and does not need to be fully implemented; instead, the implementer can throw a xtd::not_supported_exception.

Initially, the enumerator is positioned before the first element in the collection. You must call the xtd::collections::ienumerator::MMoveN_next method to advance the enumerator to the first element of the collection before reading the value of xtd::collections::ienumerator::current; otherwise, xtd::collections::ienumerator::current is undefined.

xtd::collections::ienumerator::current returns the same object until either xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next or xtd::collections::ienumerator::reset is called. xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next sets xtd::collections::ienumerator::current to the next element.

If xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next passes the end of the collection, the enumerator is positioned after the last element in the collection and xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next returns false. When the enumerator is at this position, subsequent calls to xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next also return false. If the last call to xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next returned false, xtd::collections::ienumerator::current is undefined.

To set xtd::collections::ienumerator::current to the first element of the collection again, you can call Reset, if it's implemented, followed by xtd::collections::ienumerator::move_next. If xtd::collections::ienumerator::reset is not implemented, you must create a new enumerator instance to return to the first element of the collection.

If changes are made to the collection, such as adding, modifying, or deleting elements, the behavior of the enumerator is undefined.

The enumerator does not have exclusive access to the collection; therefore, enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.

iequality_comparer

using xtd::collections::iequality_comparer = typedef generic::iequality_comparer<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/iequality_comparer.hpp>

Defines methods to support the comparison of objects for equality.

using iequality_comparer = xtd::collections::generic::iequality_comparer<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/iequality_comparer>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Remarks

This interface allows the implementation of customized equality comparison for collections. That is, you can create your own definition of equality, and specify that this definition be used with a collection type that accepts the xtd::collections::iequality_comparer interface. In the xtd framework, constructors of the xtd::collections::hashtable, xtd::collections::specialized::name_value_collection, and xtd::collections::specialized::ordered_dictionary collection types accept this interface.

For the generic version of this interface, see xtd::collections::generic::iequality_comparer <type_t>.

The xtd::collections::iequality_comparer interface supports only equality comparisons. Customization of comparisons for sorting and ordering is provided by the xtd::collections::icomparer interface.

ilist

using xtd::collections::ilist = typedef generic::ilist<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/ilist.hpp>

Represents a non-generic collection of objects that can be individually accessed by index.

using ilist = xtd::collections::generic::ilist<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/ilist>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

par Examples The following example demonstrates the implementation of the xtd::collections::ilist interface to create a simple, fixed-size list.

#include <xtd/collections/array_list>
#include <xtd/array>
#include <xtd/console>
#include <xtd/not_implemented_exception>
#include <xtd/startup>
 
using namespace xtd;
 
class program {
public:
  static auto main() -> void {
    auto test = simple_list();
    
    // Populate the List.
    console::write_line("Populate the List");
    test.add("one");
    test.add("two");
    test.add("three");
    test.add("four");
    test.add("five");
    test.add("six");
    test.add("seven");
    test.add("eight");
    test.print_contents();
    console::write_line();
    
    // Remove elements from the list.
    console::write_line("Remove elements from the list");
    test.remove("six");
    test.remove("eight");
    test.print_contents();
    console::write_line();
    
    // Add an element to the end of the list.
    console::write_line("Add an element to the end of the list");
    test.add("nine");
    test.print_contents();
    console::write_line();
    
    // Insert an element into the middle of the list.
    console::write_line("Insert an element into the middle of the list");
    test.insert(4, "number");
    test.print_contents();
    console::write_line();
    
    // Check for specific elements in the list.
    console::write_line("Check for specific elements in the list");
    console::write_line("List contains \"three\": {}", test.contains("three"));
    console::write_line("List contains \"ten\": {}", test.contains("ten"));
  }
  
  class simple_list : public object, public collections::ilist {
  private:
    array<any_object> contents_ = array<any_object>(8);
    size count_;
    
  public:
    inline static constexpr size npos = ilist::npos;
 
    simple_list() {count_ = 0;}
    
    void print_contents() const noexcept {
      console::write_line("List has a capacity of {} and currently has {} elements.", contents_.size(), count_);
      console::write("List contents:");
      for (auto i = 0_z; i < count(); ++i)
        console::write(" {}", contents_[i]);
      console::write_line();
    }
 
    // xtd::collections::iist Members
    
    bool is_fixed_size() const noexcept override {return true;}
    
    bool is_read_only() const noexcept override {return false;}
 
    void add(const any_object& value) override {
      if (count_ < contents_.size()) {
        contents_[count_] = value;
        count_++;
      }
    }
    
    void clear() override {
      count_ = 0;
    }
    
    bool contains(const any_object& value) const noexcept override {
      for (auto i = 0_z; i < count(); ++i)
        if (contents_[i] == value) return true;
      return false;
    }
    
    size index_of(const any_object& value) const noexcept override {
      for (auto i = 0_z; i < count(); ++i)
        if (contents_[i] == value) return i;
      return npos;
    }
    
    void insert(size index, const any_object& value) override {
      if (count_ + 1 <= contents_.size() && index < count()) {
        ++count_;
        
        for (size i = count() - 1; i > index; --i)
          contents_[i] = contents_[i - 1];
        
        contents_[index] = value;
      }
    }
    
    bool remove(const any_object& value) override {
      auto index = index_of(value);
      remove_at(index);
      return index != npos;
    }
    
    void remove_at(size index) override {
      if (index < count()) {
        for (size i = index; i < count() - 1; ++i)
          contents_[i] = contents_[i + 1];
        --count_;
      }
    }
    
    const any_object& operator [] (size index) const override {
      return contents_[index];
    }
    any_object& operator [] (size index) override {
      return contents_[index];
    }
    
    // xtd::collections::icollection members.
    
    size count() const noexcept override {return count_;}
    
    bool is_synchronized() const noexcept override {return false;}
    
    // Return the current instance since the underlying store is not
    // publicly available.
    const object& sync_root() const noexcept override {return *this;}
    
    void copy_to(xtd::array<any_object>& array, size index) const noexcept override {
      for (auto i = 0_z; i < count(); ++i)
        array[index + i] = contents_[i];
    }
    
    // xtd::collections::ienumerable Members
    
    collections::enumerator get_enumerator() const override {
      // Refer to the xtd::collection::ienumerator documentation for an example of
      // implementing an enumerator.
      throw not_implemented_exception {"The method or operation is not implemented."};
    }
  };
};
 
startup_(program::main);
 
 
// This code produces the following output :
//
// Populate the List
// List has a capacity of 8 and currently has 8 elements.
// List contents: one two three four five six seven eight
//
// Remove elements from the list
// List has a capacity of 8 and currently has 6 elements.
// List contents: one two three four five seven
//
// Add an element to the end of the list
// List has a capacity of 8 and currently has 7 elements.
// List contents: one two three four five seven nine
//
// Insert an element into the middle of the list
// List has a capacity of 8 and currently has 8 elements.
// List contents: one two three four number five seven nine
//
// Check for specific elements in the list
// List contains "three": true
// List contains "ten": false

Remarks

xtd::collections::ilist is a descendant of the xtd::collections::icollection interface and is the base interface of all non-generic lists. xtd::collections::ilist implementations fall into three categories: read-only, fixed-size, and variable-size. A read-only xtd::collections::ilist cannot be modified. A fixed-size xtd::collections::ilist does not allow the addition or removal of elements, but it allows the modification of existing elements. A variable-size xtd::collections::ilist allows the addition, removal, and modification of elements.

For the generic version of this interface, see xtd::collections::generic::ilist <type_t>.

queue

using xtd::collections::queue = typedef generic::queue<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/queue.hpp>

Represents a first-in, first-out collection of objects.

using queue = xtd::collections::generic::queue<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/queue>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

sorted_list

using xtd::collections::sorted_list = typedef generic::list<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/sorted_list.hpp>

Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.

using sorted_list = xtd::collections::generic::list<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/sorted_list>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

stack

using xtd::collections::stack = typedef generic::stack<xtd::any_object>

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/stack.hpp>

Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.

using stack = xtd::collections::generic::stack<xtd::any_object>

Header

#include <xtd/collections/stack>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Examples

The following example shows hows to use xtd::collections::stack.

Remarks

TTo add a class, structure or any other type unknown to xtd, you need to implement the xtd::iequatable and xtd::icompoabale interfaces or overrride the == and < operetors.

vector_list

using xtd::collections::vector_list = typedef array_list

#include <xtd.core/include/xtd/collections/vector_list.hpp>

Represents a collection of xtd::any_object.

using vector_list = array_list

Header

#include <xtd/collections/vector_list>

Namespace

xtd::collections

Library

xtd.core

Examples

The following example shows hows to use xtd::collections::array_list.

#include <xtd/collections/array_list>
#include <xtd/console>
 
using namespace xtd;
using namespace xtd::collections;
 
template<typename collection_t>
void print_values(const collection_t& my_list) {
  for (auto obj : my_list)
    console::write("   {0}", obj);
  console::write_line();
}
 
auto main() -> int {
  // Creates and initializes a new vector_list.
  auto my_vl = array_list {};
  my_vl.emplace_back("Hello");
  my_vl.emplace_back("World");
  my_vl.emplace_back("!");
  
  // Displays the properties and values of the vector_list.
  console::write_line("my_vl");
  console::write_line("    size:    {0}", my_vl.size());
  console::write_line("    Capacity: {0}", my_vl.capacity());
  console::write("    Values:");
  print_values(my_vl);
}
 
// This code produces the following output :
//
// my_vl
//     size:    3
//     Capacity: 4
//     Values:   Hello   World   !

Deprecated:

Replaced by xtd::collections::array_list - Will be removed in version 0.4.0.