Raise and consume events
The examples in this topic show how to work with events. They include examples of the xtd::event_handler delegate, the xtd::generic_event_handler<event_args_t> delegate, and a custom delegate, to illustrate events with and without data.
The examples use concepts described in the events article.
Example 1
The first example shows how to raise and consume an event that doesn't have data.
It contains a class named counter that has an event named threshold_reached.
This event is raised when a counter value equals or exceeds a threshold value.
The xtd::event_handler delegate is associated with the event, because no event data is provided.
#include <xtd/xtd>
using namespace xtd;
namespace console_application1 {
class counter : public object {
private:
int threshold;
int total;
public:
counter(int passed_threshold) {
threshold = passed_threshold;
}
void add(int x) {
total += x;
if (total >= threshold) {
if (!threshold_reached.is_empty()) threshold_reached.invoke(*this, event_args::empty);
}
}
event<counter, event_handler> threshold_reached;
};
class program {
public:
static auto main(const std::vector<ustring>& args) {
counter c(xtd::random().next(10));
c.threshold_reached += c_threshold_reached;
console::write_line("press 'a' key to increase total");
while (console::read_key(true).key_char() == 'a') {
console::write_line("adding one");
c.add(1);
}
}
static void c_threshold_reached(object& sender, const event_args& e) {
console::write_line("The threshold was reached.");
environment::exit(0);
}
};
}
startup_(console_application1::program);
Example 2
The next example shows how to raise and consume an event that provides data. The xtd::generic_event_handler<event_args_t> delegate is associated with the event, and an instance of a custom event data object is provided.
#include <xtd/xtd>
using namespace xtd;
namespace console_application1 {
class threshold_reached_event_args : public xtd::event_args {
public:
int threshold() const {return threshold_;}
void threshold(int value) {threshold_ = value;}
const date_time& time_reached() const {return time_reached_;}
void time_reached(const datte_time& value) {time_reached_ = value;}
private:
int threshold_ = 0;
date_time time_reached_;
};
class counter : public object {
private:
int threshold;
int total;
public:
counter(int passed_threshold) {
threshold = passed_threshold;
}
void add(int x) {
total += x;
if (total >= threshold) {
threshold_reached_event_args args;
args.threshold(threshold);
args.time_reached(date_time::now());
on_threshold_reached(args);
}
}
protected:
virtual void on_threshold_reached(const threshold_reached_event_args& e) {
generic_event_handler<const threshold_reached_event_args&> handler = threshold_reached;
if (!handler.is_empty()) {
handler(*this, e);
}
}
public:
event<counter, generic_event_handler<const threshold_reached_event_args&>> threshold_reached;
};
class program {
public:
static auto main(const std::vector<ustring>& args) {
counter c(xtd::random().next(10));
c.threshold_reached += c_threshold_reached;
console::write_line("press 'a' key to increase total");
while (console::read_key(true).key_char() == 'a') {
console::write_line("adding one");
c.add(1);
}
}
static void c_threshold_reached(object& sender, const threshold_reached_event_args& e) {
console::write_line("The threshold of {0} was reached at {1}.", e.threshold(), e.time_reached());
environment::exit(0);
}
};
}
startup_(console_application1::program);
Example 3
The next example shows how to declare a delegate for an event.
The delegate is named threshold_reached_event_handler.
This is just an illustration. Typically, you do not have to declare a delegate for an event, because you can use either the xtd::event_handler or the xtd::generic_event_handler<event_args_t> delegate.
You should declare a delegate only in rare scenarios, such as making your class available to legacy code that cannot use generics.
#include <xtd/xtd>
using namespace xtd;
namespace console_application1 {
class threshold_reached_event_args : public xtd::event_args {
public:
int threshold() const {return threshold_;}
void threshold(int value) {threshold_ = value;}
const date_time& time_reached() const {return time_reached_;}
void time_reached(coonst date_time& value) {time_reached_ = value;}
private:
int threshold_ = 0;
date_time time_reached_;
};
using threshold_reached_event_handler = delegate<void(object&, const threshold_reached_event_args&)>;
class counter : public object {
private:
int threshold;
int total;
public:
counter(int passed_threshold) {
threshold = passed_threshold;
}
void add(int x) {
total += x;
if (total >= threshold) {
threshold_reached_event_args args;
args.threshold(threshold);
args.time_reached(date_time::now());
on_threshold_reached(args);
}
}
protected:
virtual void on_threshold_reached(const threshold_reached_event_args& e) {
generic_event_handler<const threshold_reached_event_args&> handler = threshold_reached;
if (!handler.is_empty()) {
handler(*this, e);
}
}
public:
threshold_reached_event_handler threshold_reached;
};
class program {
public:
static auto main(const std::vector<ustring>& args) {
counter c(xtd::random().next(10));
c.threshold_reached += c_threshold_reached;
console::write_line("press 'a' key to increase total");
while (console::read_key(true).key_char() == 'a') {
console::write_line("adding one");
c.add(1);
}
}
static void c_threshold_reached(object& sender, const threshold_reached_event_args& e) {
console::write_line("The threshold of {0} was reached at {1}.", e.threshold(), e.time_reached());
environment::exit(0);
}
};
}
startup_(console_application1::program);
See also